This book covers all the latest aspects related to the therapeutics of Mycobacterium. It includes therapy for the treatment of PTB, EPTB, and MDR/XDR-TB. Moreover, it also includes the treatment of NTM, challenges, and guidelines. Chapters cover the chemotherapy/drugs from traditional to most advanced drugs used for the treatment of all forms of tuberculosis and NTM. This book also includes newer therapy, immunomodulators, nanotechnology approach, immunotherapy, combinatorial therapy, Ayurvedic medicine, and repurposing of drugs. Also, discuss the challenges and opportunities for the treatment of disease. This book offers assistance to postgraduate medical students, researchers, medical practitioners, postdoctoral fellows, microbiologist, nurses, as well as public health officers working in tuberculosis control programs in understanding various modalities for the treatment of tuberculosis and drug-resistance tuberculosis.