This book examines the history of the Pioneer Health Centre in Peckham, South London, and the various offshoots to which it gave rise. A world-renowned experiment in health-creation, it was nevertheless forced to close in 1950; but its example and ideas have continued to inspire doctors, public health workers and community-builders. The text investigates the reasons why the Pioneer Health Centre and other initiatives have found it difficult to make headway. It looks at factors such as financial and administrative problems, various vested interests (including those of pharmaceutical companies and the medical profession), and, underlying these considerations, the tension between the principles of Hygiea (the goddess of healthy living) and Aesculapius (the god of healing and surgery). Our culture values those who try to put things right more than those who try to ensure they do not go wrong in the first place. The book opens with a thorough examination of the concept of health, sets the Pioneer Health Centre in its socio-historical context, and shows how a number of contemporary projects have been developed along broadly similar lines. It draws on many primary sources and on interviews with people committed to the cause of “realising health”.