This book offers an in-depth overview of sustainable approaches to produce bio-based benzene, toluene, and xylene (bio-BTX) – key aromatic chemicals vital to modern industry but are usually derived from fossil fuels. It begins by exploring biomass as a renewable raw material, its potential for generating high-value chemicals, and the importance of bio-BTX in global markets. The text then reviews various technological methods for producing bio-BTX via catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, non-edible oils, glycerol, glucose, furan, bio-ethanol, and bio-butanol, including catalytic upgrading of bio-oil and converting bio-based syngas. Each approach provides mechanistic insights, details on catalytic systems, and discusses how feedstock properties affect process efficiency, scalability, and sustainability. The book also emphasizes practical aspects such as purification and upgrading, and covers separation techniques, including distillation, liquid-liquid extraction, chromatography, and membrane technology. These topics are viewed through the lens of environmental impact, highlighting life-cycle assessments and how bio-BTX production can contribute to lower carbon footprints in the chemical industry. Finally, the book explores future opportunities and technical challenges in advancing biomass-to-aromatics technologies. As demand for greener options grows, it positions bio-BTX as a crucial step toward a circular bioeconomy, reducing carbon emissions in aromatic production and accelerating the shift to sustainable chemical manufacturing.